Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025 | Prison Policy Initiative

The big picture on how many people are locked up in the United States and why – 2025.
— Read on www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2025.html

Certainty as a foundation for justice – Niskanen Center

Certainty of punishment is not only a tool of deterrence but a structural necessity for an effective justice system. When consequences are clear and predictable, many offenders avoid crime, while those who persist reveal themselves to need more intensive responses.
— Read on www.niskanencenter.org/certainty-as-a-foundation-for-justice/

The Impact of Individualized Focused Deterrence on Criminal and Prosocial Outcomes

This research memorandum published by CNA’s Safety and Security Division (SAS) and funded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, examines the impact of individualized focused deterrence on criminal prosocial outcomes.
— Read on www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/impact-individualized-focused-deterrence-criminal-and-prosocial

Psychology, Not Circumstances | Manhattan Institute

Among many criminologists, advocates, and policymakers, it is an article of faith that the socioeconomic “root causes” of serious crime must be addressed in order to reduce lawbreaking. However, the enormous crime declines over the course of the late 1990s and early 2000s occurred without significant improvements in socioeconomic conditions.[1] Even so, academics, policymakers, and […]
— Read on manhattan.institute/article/psychology-not-circumstances

Additional Perspectives – How Long is Long Enough? Task Force on Long Sentences Final Report

Additional Perspectives – How Long is Long Enough? Task Force on Long Sentences Final Report
— Read on counciloncj.foleon.com/tfls/long-sentences-final-report/additional-perspectives

The Meaning of a Stolen Diaper | The New Yorker

The black market for baby products is part of a larger debate about how New York City handles low-level crime.
— Read on www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-meaning-of-a-stolen-diaper

Advancing Racial Equity: Shrinking Misdemeanor Prosecution in New York

Misdemeanors are under attack. Misdemeanors are what drives the criminal justice system at least at the local criminal court level. Misdemeanors are the crimes that directly and most often impact day to day life. This has led to a shift of the criminal justice system from being victim focused to offender focused. This has created drastic changes.

The link below has several reports on its webpage and there are also links to several additional articles.

Findings and policy recommendations from a comprehensive analysis of misdemeanor cases in NYC.
— Read on www.courtinnovation.org/publications/misdemeanor-race-NYC

Conviction, Imprisonment, and Lost Earnings: How Involvement with the Criminal Justice System Deepens Inequality | Brennan Center for Justice

Conviction, Imprisonment, and Lost Earnings: How Involvement with the Criminal Justice System Deepens Inequality
— Read on www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/conviction-imprisonment-and-lost-earnings-how-involvement-criminal

Long Road to Nowhere How Southern States Struggle with Long-Term Incarceration

The Deep South is the epicenter of mass incarceration. The United States incarcerates more people per capita than any other country, with prison populations growing by 86% between 1990 and 2019. For Southern states, prison populations exploded by 127% during that same period. During this time in history, America implemented “tough on crime” policies that responded to public health issues like the drug epidemic with incarceration instead of rehabilitation. Laws for even nonviolent crimes became more punitive with longer sentences, and people of color were disproportionately pushed into prisons with little hope for parole.
Access the article HERE