A repository of studies, surveys, and reports on the disparate ways white, Black, and Latino people are treated by police, prosecutors, courts, and prisons
— Read on radleybalko.substack.com/p/a-guide-to-racism-in-the-criminal
Tag: Disproportionate contact
2009–2025Contact Cards in Cincinnati A Review of Racial Bias in Police Stops,
Twenty-five years after the killing of Timothy Thomas sparked a citywide reckoning with police accountability in Cincinnati, a new Campaign Zero analysis reveals that racially biased policing has not only persisted — it has deepened. Drawing on over 472,000 police contact cards filed between 2009 and 2025, our report Contact Cards in Cincinnati documents what the data makes undeniable: Cincinnati Police officers stopped Black people 3.4 times more often than White people in 2025, searched them at twice the rate, and were nearly twice as likely to use force against them once stopped. These disparities exist across every neighborhood, every stop type, and every outcome measured — and they are getting worse, not better.
Website HERE
Copy of the report HERE
Have Racial Disparities in Law Enforcement Stops Narrowed? – Public Policy Institute of California
California’s Racial and Identity Profiling Act (RIPA) requires detailed reporting on all pedestrian and traffic stops. Recent RIPA data from the state’s largest law enforcement agencies points to a reduction in the overall number of stops—but we do not see a substantial narrowing of racial/ethnic disparities in intrusive experiences during stops.
— Read on www.ppic.org/publication/have-racial-disparities-in-law-enforcement-stops-narrowed/
Chicago Police Disproportionately Used Force Against Black Chicagoans, Study Commissioned by Department Finds | Chicago News | WTTW
The study, conducted by social scientists from the University of Texas at San Antonio and the University of Pennsylvania blamed “systemic factors” for the disparity, not the actions of individual officers.
— Read on news.wttw.com/2026/02/19/chicago-police-disproportionately-used-force-against-black-chicagoans-study-commissioned
Read the full study and its executive summary.
Disparity Benchmark Simulator | Ian T. Adams, Ph.D.
Interactive simulator exploring how choice of denominator affects conclusions about racial disparities in police use of force. Based on Tregle, Nix & Alpert (2018).
— Read on ianadamsresearch.com/dashboard/disparity-benchmarks/
CT researchers studied 1,500 police use-of-force incidents. Here’s what they found | Connecticut Public
The analysis points to a racial disparity in how municipal police use force against Black people. A significant share of violent police encounters also involve people experiencing mental health challenges, the study found.
— Read on www.ctpublic.org/news/investigative/2025-09-15/connecticut-police-use-of-force-study-uconn
Get a .PDF copy of the report HERE
RFK Human Rights Submits Evidence to UN Special Rapporteur of Disproportionate, Deadly Policing in the U.S. – Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights
Today, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (“RFK Human Rights”), submitted a detailed report to the Special Rapporteur, an independent expert appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council, highlighting emerging trends and patterns in U.S. law enforcement’s use of lethal force.
— Read on rfkhumanrights.org/press/rfk-human-rights-submits-evidence-to-un-special-rapporteur-of-disproportionate-deadly-policing-in-the-u-s/
Mistrial Declared in Ex-Mich. Police Officer’s 2nd-Degree Murder Trial
A jury was hopelessly deadlocked in the trial of former Grand Rapids Police Officer Christopher Schurr, stemming from a 2022 traffic stop that ended in the fatal shooting of a 26-year-old man.
The murder trial for the Grand Rapids police officer who killed Patrick Lyoya has resulted in a hung jury.
A mistrial was declared after the jury hopelessly deadlocked on the second-degree murder charge against Christopher Schurr, the police officer who has since been fired. As a result, Kent County Prosecutor Chris Becker will have to decide whether to refile charges against Schurr.
Read on HERE
2024 Police Violence Report
Comprehensive review of killings by police in 2024.
— Read on policeviolencereport.org/
Bias at the Core?: Enduring Racial Disparities in D.C. Metropolitan Police Department Stop-and-Frisk Practices (2022-2023) | ACLU of DC
This report covers data collected between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023. The data analyzed in this report indicates that the stark racial disparities present in the 2019 and 2020 stops data remain. MPD continues to disproportionately stop Black people in D.C.
— Read on www.acludc.org/en/publications/bias-core-enduring-racial-disparities-dc-metropolitan-police-department-stop-and-frisk
Get a .PDF copy of the report HERE