The late Manhattan Institute scholar George L. Kelling developed his ideas through exhaustive fieldwork, spending time out on the street and riding along with police. His observations led not only to his co-authored description of “broken windows” dynamics of public disorder, but also inspired hosts of policy directives and further research projects, contributing vastly to community safety. […]
— Read on manhattan.institute/event/policing-as-public-health-a-2024-view-of-broken-windows
Category: CRJ302 Community & CJ
LAPD Helicopter Audit
This is the webpage of the LAPD helicopter audit. On the page is a summary video, an executive summary, and the full report.
LAPD Helicopter Audit
— Read on controller.lacity.gov/landings/lapd-helicopters
The Suburban Drug War – Matthew Lassiter – Inquest
The Suburban Drug War – Matthew Lassiter – Inquest
— Read on inquest.org/the-suburban-drug-war/
Lawful Stop-And-Frisk in Philadelphia | DCReport.org
Cherelle Parker advocated for stop-and-frisk. Experts provide evidence-based suggestions to implement it into Philadelphia and beyond safely.
Make sure to checkout the many links in the article. Helpful resources.
— Read on www.dcreport.org/2023/12/14/a-road-map-for-the-lawful-use-of-stop-and-frisk-in-philadelphia-and-elsewhere/
New Policing Strategies and the Challenge of Implementation
There’s not much research on getting a new program in place, but police chiefs who have been there have a lot of ideas about what to do — and what not to do.
— Read on www.governing.com/security/new-policing-strategies-and-the-challenge-of-implementation
How Police Have Undermined the Promise of Body Cameras — ProPublica
Hundreds of millions in taxpayer dollars have been spent on what was sold as a revolution in transparency and accountability. Instead, police departments routinely refuse to release footage — even when officers kill.
— Read on www.propublica.org/article/how-police-undermined-promise-body-cameras
OHRC makes over 100 recommendations to address anti-Black racism in the Toronto Police Service | Ontario Human Rights Commission
OHRC makes over 100 recommendations to address anti-Black racism in the Toronto Police Service | Ontario Human Rights Commission
— Read on www.ohrc.on.ca/en/news_centre/ohrc-makes-over-100-recommendations-address-anti-black-racism-toronto-police-service
Taser And Social, Ethnic and Racial Disparities research programme
Key findings from the research suggest:
- There is a statistical relationship between ethnicity and increased use of Taser relative to other uses of force in some areas. This is mediated by other factors such as mental ill health, but police routine data collection needs to improve to properly understand these patterns;
- The disproportionate use of Taser across different communities and populations stems from complex interactions between multiple factors, structures, and processes, both within and external to policing;
- Policing takes place within a society fractured by inequality and structural racism in that Black and other ethnic minority populations are more likely than White people to live in areas of deprivation;
- A combination of institutional priorities, policies, practices, and demands mean that policing is concentrated into areas of deprivation, which in turn disproportionately impacts on people from Black and ethnic minority backgrounds relative to the White population;
- Given that police are more active in deprived neighbourhoods, this in turn makes Taser use in those areas more likely;
- Taser has become institutionalised as an organisational level response to perceived threat and risk, which increases its use in situations that previously have been resolved in other ways, such as through dialogue;
- Police officers count Taser among the least dangerous use of force options available to them, and risks associated with its use are under emphasised during training. Insufficient time is dedicated to discussions of ethnic disproportionality and de-escalation during Taser training, which risks creating a further push towards the use of the weapon;
- In contrast, affected communities experience Taser as a dehumanising and potentially lethal weapon. They also emphasised the psychological harms and racialised traumas generated through use of the weapon;
- Public scrutiny mechanisms designed to hold police officers to account lack adequate support.
See the report here:
Police Shortage?
NYC lawmakers set to require NYPD to report low-level stops – Gothamist
This narrative that minor police and citizen contacts are dangerous is false and is not supported by the evidence. Do police-citizen contacts involving minor incidents sometimes end badly? Yes. But in context of 10s to 100s of millions of police-citizen contacts per year it is an extremely rare occurrence for citizens to be injured and even more rare for citizens to be killed.
If the types of police-citizen contacts are looked at starting with violent and serious crime decreasing in severity of call type to the most casual non-criminal type of police-citizen contacts breakdown in following categories:
- 1-2% Serious and violent crime
- 5% Felonies
- 10% Misdemeanors
- 25% Violations & VTL
- 60% Non-criminal contacts
Looking at the breakdown of the of types of police calls, it is obvious that the most police-citizen contacts that occur in non-law-enforcement situations, minor crime, and low level crime situations. Therefore it makes sense that much of the police-citizen contacts that end badly fall into the noncriminal type contacts, the violation level, VTL level, and low level crime type of police activity. It should not be surprising that when police have contact with citizens even at a non-criminal level contact, there is always a potential of the contact ending badly because there are millions of such of these types of contacts and if a person starts becoming violent for some reason the police must respond accordingly.
Many of the police-citizen contacts that turn to violence are driven by the citizen. Police react to the behavior of the citizen. So, at any time, if a citizen becomes violent, the police must escalate their level of force to overcome the citizens level of force. And innocuous type call can escalate into violence when a citizen becomes violent and could end in the death of that citizen. For example, if a citizen pulls a gun on a police officer. In this type of example, the officer does not drive the situation they merely respond to the situation.
Gothamist is a non-profit local newsroom, powered by WNYC.
— Read on gothamist.com/news/nyc-lawmakers-set-to-require-nypd-to-report-low-level-stops
Future of Policing 