History of the Police

This is the more traditional view of the history of policing.

No. 4—Kelling, George L., and Mark H. Moore. “The Evolving Strategy of Policing.” Perspectives on Policing, November 1988.

Here is an article on the continuation of policing into the future

Bayley, David H. and Christine Nixon. The Changing Environment for Policing, 1985-2008. New Perspectives in Policing (Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety), September, 2010.

This is a less traditional view of the historical development of policing. This is a very technical and difficult article to read. The article is very well written. Compared to all of the other articles that came from the 1985-1991 Executive Session on Policing this is by far the most technically challenging article to read.

No. 13—Williams, Hubert, and Patrick V. Murphy. “The Evolving Strategy of Police: A Minority View.” Perspectives on Policing, January 1990.

How The Police See Issues Of Race And Policing | FiveThirtyEight

One important difference between the protests that have spread across the country for the past nine days and nights and other protest movements is their subject….,
— Read on fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-the-police-see-issues-of-race-and-policing/

Juvenile Court Statistics 2018

Excellent Resource for the Juvenile Court System.

Click here to download the report HERE

From tear gas to rubber bullets, here’s what ‘nonlethal’ weapons can do to the body

When misused, nonlethal weapons break bones, burn skin, and cause internal injuries. Here’s why those serious injuries may occur, and how to protect against them.
— Read on www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/what-nonlethal-weapons-can-do-to-the-body-george-floyd/

The lethal history of rubber bullets—and why they should never be used on peaceful protesters

Interesting article here: apple.news/AyO6MpvXVSm-uoRK1YBN-wg

Minneapolis Police Missed Reforms Before George Floyd’s Death | The Marshall Project

The department allows officers to use choke holds barred in other cities.

— Read on www.themarshallproject.org/2020/05/28/before-george-floyd-s-death-minneapolis-police-failed-to-adopt-reforms-remove-bad-officers

Summer Heat – The New Inquiry

This article talks about abolition of Policing. This concept was first brought up in 2014-15 during the riots then. Summer Heat – The New Inquiry
— Read on thenewinquiry.com/summer-heat/

For 55 officers involved in fatal shootings this year, it wasn’t their first time – The Washington Post

An analysis exposes another gap in the federal government’s oversight of fatal police shootings nationwide.
— Read on www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/for-55-officers-involved-in-fatal-shootings-this-year-it-wasnt-their-first-time/2015/12/22/435cb680-9d04-11e5-a3c5-c77f2cc5a43c_story.html

10 Ways a Roadside Police Stop Can Go Wrong

Here is some interesting information of what can happen when stopped by the police. This article phrases what can occur a bit differently that a police officer would describe it but it is nonetheless interesting.

See the Website HERE

Pretrial Justice Institute

Useful resource:

Pretrial justice is the part of the criminal justice system that begins when a person comes into contact with law enforcement (or the police) and ends when any resulting charges are resolved—usually through a dismissal, a plea, or a trial.

It is often referred to as the “front door” of the criminal justice system.

A just pretrial system has three basic obligations.

It must keep the public safe.
It must also ensure that individuals accused of crime appear in court as needed.
And, according to the U.S. Constitution, it must respect the presumption of innocence and not unfairly interfere with the freedom of people who have not been found guilty.

The Pretrial Justice Institute’s website provides extensive information about common pretrial justice challenges, commonsense solutions, and what you can do to ensure the system where you live produces just outcomes that serve all people.

See more HERE